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Saudi Arabia Subsidies

Saudi Arabia–$60.9 billion in 2011 Diesel and gasoline sold in Saudi Arabia are about 12% and 30% of international reference prices, respectively. Saudis enjoy the second lowest domestic fossil fuel prices in the world, behind only Venezuela. In 2009, the Kingdom spent a total of $32.5 billion on fossil fuel subsidies. In 2010, this figure increased...

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Russia Subsidies

Russia–$14.4 billion in 2010 Generally, the federal government’s fossil fuel subsidies in Russia are complex and not transparent. Five years ago, an extensive research report “Government subsidies to oil and gas: at what costs?” was published with support of WWF and International Institute of Sustainable Development. This research summarized the possible subsidies schemes for oil...

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Nigeria Subsidies

Nigeria—$160 million USD in 2017 Nigeria introduced petroleum subsidies in the 1960s with the aim of strengthening its local industry and improving product affordability and domestic consumption (Akinyemi and others, 2015). A report published by the Council on Foreign Relations estimates that the Federal Government of Nigeria spent about $20 billion on fuel subsidy in...

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Mexico Subsidies

Mexico–220 billion Mexican pesos spent in subsidies in 2012, 1.4% of Mexico’s GDP For a long time, talks against fossil fuel subsidies in Mexico were common in political and academic circles, as well as in several newspapers. For many, subsidies symbolized a national budgetary expenditure that could be better used for other social programs (according...

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Japan Subsidies

Japan—US$376 million With scarce and rapidly dwindling fossil fuel resources of its own, Japan engages in only a small amount of domestic oil and gas exploration. It relies heavily on fossil fuel imports to meet its energy needs, particularly since the accelerated phase-out of nuclear power following the Fukushima disaster in March 2011. So while...

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Italy Subsidies

Italy—14.6 billion Euros in 2016 Italy directly and indirectly subsidized fossil fuels for 14.8 billion Euros in 2016, and 13.2 billion Euros in 2015. Subsidies are given to both production and consumption, which include exemption from paying excises, discounts and discounted financing. The top sector receiving subsidies is transportation. For the first time, the Italian...

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Indonesia Subsidies

Indonesia—8 billion USD in 2015/ 4 billion US in 2016 In 2015, $22.1 billion was initially allocated to fuel subsidies. In that year, major reforms in energy subsidies were implemented. Indonesia’s energy subsidies, especially for fossil fuel, have been a drain on the state budget. In 2013, 17% of government expenditure went to energy subsidies....

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India Subsidies

India—US$20.4 billion in 2016 The total value of energy subsidies from the central government of India, quantified in a latest inventory, has declined substantially between 2014 and 2016, from 35.8 billion USD to 20.4 billion USD. The same report points out that 18 subsidies are provided by the central government to both coal mining and...

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Germany Subsidies

Germany—Between 2014 and 2016, Germany provided fiscal support valued at €33.3 billion and public finance of €2.4 billion per year Germany is one of the countries in the EU region that reports its subsidies on fossil fuels on a biannual basis in a transparent manner (Gençsü and Zerzawy, 2017). Fossil fuel subsidies are financial support...

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China Subsidies

China—partial estimate 15.42 billion; complete estimate is not available The amount of subsidies that China provides to its fossil fuel industry has long remained a mystery. However, in September 2016, the US and China agreed upon a fossil fuel peer review process. The review was intended to stimulate a reform of such subsidies, which both...

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