Nigeria’s journey toward electric mobility is gaining significant traction, showcasing a determined push to align with global sustainability goals. Recent developments, such as Nigeria’s commitment to the Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) Declaration at the 2024 International Transport Forum, underscore its ambition to transition to a low-carbon transportation system. Joining other African nations like Ghana, Kenya, and Rwanda, Nigeria has pledged to achieve 100% zero-emission sales for all new cars and vans sold by 2040. This bold step signals the nation’s readiness to embrace cleaner transportation and contribute to the global fight against climate change.
Leading Manufacturers and Domestic Production
Nigeria’s electric vehicle market is a dynamic blend of local and international manufacturers. Local manufacturers are stepping up with tailored solutions for the Nigerian market: Electric Motor Vehicle Company (EMVC) made waves in 2022 with its lineup of electric cars and tricycles designed to address various mobility challenges. Similarly, Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing Company, a pioneer in Nigeria’s automotive sector, launched its first electric car models in 2024, solidifying its status as an industry leader. JET Motor Company, operational since 2021, has focused on producing electric buses to cater to urban transit demands. Meanwhile, international brands like Voyah from China have gained popularity for their affordability and cutting-edge features. These imports provide a vital stopgap, meeting immediate consumer demand while the domestic industry continues to scale up its capabilities.
Current EV Adoption: A Promising Start
As of early 2025, Nigeria has approximately 15,000 to 20,000 electric vehicles (EVs) on its roads, representing 0.5% to 1% of the total vehicle population. While this is a marked increase from 5,000 EVs five years ago, the figure remains modest relative to Nigeria’s aspirations. Between 2020 and 2022, EV sales accounted for 4.22%, 5.40%, and 7.11% of total car sales, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. However, policy redirection under the current administration, prioritizing Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)-powered vehicles, has slowed this growth.
A Shift in Policy and its Implications
The Nigerian government initially outlined an ambitious 2050 Auto Policy Agenda, targeting 7.5% EV penetration by 2025, and progressively increasing this figure to 40% by 2050. This policy aimed to establish Nigeria as a regional leader in EV adoption. However, the pivot to promoting CNG-powered vehicles has diluted the focus on EVs, leaving many projects underfunded or stalled. Industry experts, such as Chris Obikunle, point out that this policy inconsistency has hindered the market’s development and discouraged private-sector investment.
The Role of the ZEV Declaration
Despite these challenges, Nigeria’s ZEV Declaration provides renewed direction. This commitment aligns the nation with over 230 global stakeholders, including automakers, governments, and investors, all working toward phasing out internal combustion engines. Beyond its environmental benefits, this transition could significantly reduce the 1,500 premature deaths annually linked to air pollution caused by fossil fuel vehicles. Replacing these vehicles with zero-emission models would improve air quality and public health outcomes in urban areas.
Infrastructure Development: A Persistent Challenge
The availability of charging infrastructure is a critical factor in EV adoption. While early initiatives, such as those from Ardova, CIG Mobility, and the National Automotive Industry Design and Development Council (NADDC), laid the groundwork for an expansive network, many plans remain unrealized.
- Ardova aimed to install charging stations nationwide at every AP and Enyo petrol station.
- CIG Mobility proposed the development of 10,000 EV charging points in partnership with inverter companies.
- NADDC initiated a pilot program for 100 solar-powered EV charging stations.
Despite these efforts, Nigeria lacks the robust infrastructure to support mass EV adoption. However, innovative solutions, such as leveraging rural mini-grids powered by clean energy, could bridge this gap, particularly in underserved areas.
Ambitious Goals for the Future
Nigeria’s Energy Transition Plan, launched in 2022, sets bold targets for EV adoption. By 2050, EVs are expected to constitute 60% of the total market for all vehicles (new and used) sold, reaching 100% by 2060. This plan also includes strategies to shift from passenger cars to public transport and two—or three-wheelers, further reducing emissions.
The National Action Plan for the Development of Electric Vehicles (EVDP) emphasizes local production, aiming for at least 30% domestically produced EVs by 2032. This initiative seeks to stimulate the economy, reduce reliance on imported vehicles, and encourage investments through financial incentives such as reduced import duties and tax breaks.
Overcoming Barriers to Adoption
Industry voices like Luqman Mamudu, a former NADDC director, and Chris Obikunle, an automotive expert, have identified key obstacles to EV adoption. These include high upfront costs, limited charging infrastructure, and a lack of trained technicians. Mamudu also highlighted the absence of investor-attracting programs in the existing policy framework, urging the government to revisit and implement the National Action Plan for EV Development.
Obikunle stressed the need for accessible charging stations along major highways and urban centers to boost consumer confidence. He also called for political will to drive consistent policy implementation, without which the EV transition risks losing momentum.
A Broader Perspective: Regional and Global Impacts
Nigeria’s leadership in Africa’s EV transition, reinforced by its ZEV Declaration, positions it as a regional exemplar. The commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2060 is complemented by the potential to reduce the dominance of fossil fuel vehicles, which account for nearly three-quarters of Nigeria’s transport-related CO₂ emissions.
Nigeria could unlock significant environmental, economic, and public health benefits by investing in local EV production, charging infrastructure, and innovative business solutions. These efforts would have ripple effects beyond its borders, contributing to the global push for sustainable development.
In Summary, Nigeria’s path to electric mobility is marked by promise and challenges. While the early momentum has been tempered by policy shifts and infrastructure deficits, recent commitments, such as the ZEV Declaration, signal a renewed focus on sustainable transportation. By fostering collaboration among stakeholders, implementing consistent policies, and addressing infrastructural gaps, Nigeria has the potential to lead Africa in the EV revolution. This journey promises a greener future and positions the country as a global player in the transition to zero-emission transportation.
This Post was submitted by Climate Scorecard Nigeria Country Manager Michael Johnson.
Leading Agency
Agency: National Automotive Design and Development Council (NADDC)
Contact Person: Joseph Osanipin, Director-General NADDC
Website: https://naddc.gov.ng/
Email: contact@naddc.gov.ng