Italy has significantly transformed its energy landscape over the past decade. The shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and biomass is evident, reflecting national policies and broader European Union directives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable energy.

Current Energy Mix

As of the latest data, Italy’s energy production is composed of both renewable sources and fossil fuels:

• Renewables:
  • Wind: 6.3%
  • Solar: 8.5%
  • Biomass: 5.8%
  • Total: 20.6%
• Fossil Fuels:
  • Natural gas: 40%
  • Coal: 6%
  • Oil: 7%
  • Total: 53%

The remaining energy comes from other sources, such as hydroelectric power and imported nuclear energy.

Trends Over the Last 10 Years

Over the past decade, Italy has seen a notable increase in the use of renewable energy sources. 2010 renewables accounted for approximately 11% of the total energy production. By 2023, this figure had nearly doubled to around 20.6%. This growth can be attributed to government incentives, technological advancements, and decreasing costs associated with renewable energy technologies.

Conversely, the reliance on fossil fuels has declined from about 70% of the total energy mix in 2010 to approximately 53% today. This decrease has been driven by stringent EU regulations on carbon emissions, the closure of older coal plants, and a gradual shift towards cleaner energy alternatives.

Future Projections

Italy’s share of renewable energy is expected to continue its upward trajectory. By 2030, projections suggest renewables could account for 35-40% of the country’s energy production. Technological improvements, further cost reductions, and stronger policy support will fuel this anticipated growth.

In contrast, the use of fossil fuels is expected to decline further, potentially comprising only 30-35% of the total energy mix by 2030. Increased environmental regulations, carbon pricing mechanisms, and the decommissioning of more fossil fuel-based power plants will likely influence this trend.

Factors Influencing Trends

Several key factors have influenced these energy trends:

1. Government Policies: Italy has implemented various policies to promote renewable energy, such as feed-in tariffs, tax incentives, and subsidies.
2. EU Directives: EU regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions have also played a significant role.
3. Technological Advancements: Improvements in renewable energy technologies have made wind, solar, and biomass more efficient and cost-effective.
4. Investment: Significant public and private investments have accelerated the development and deployment of renewable energy infrastructure.
5. Climate Change Awareness: Growing awareness about climate change has driven policy and consumer preference towards cleaner energy sources.

Recommendations for Increasing Renewable Energy Share

To further enhance the share of renewables in Italy’s energy mix, the following recommendations can be made:

1. Strengthening Policy Frameworks:
   • Implement a comprehensive carbon pricing system to make fossil fuels less economically attractive.
   • Set ambitious long-term renewable energy targets and integrate them into national energy policies.
2. Enhancing Grid Infrastructure:
   • Invest in modernizing the grid to handle the variable nature of renewable energy sources, including developing smart grids and energy storage systems.
   • Improve interconnections with neighboring countries to ensure a stable electricity supply and facilitate more renewable energy integration.
3. Promoting Research and Development:
   • Provide grants, tax credits, and other incentives to companies and research institutions developing new renewable energy technologies and storage solutions.
   • Foster public-private partnerships to accelerate the commercialization of cutting-edge renewable energy technologies.

 

This Post was submitted by Climate Scorecard Italy Country Manager Sara Biondi.

Learn More Sources

1. International Energy Agency (IEA) – Italy Energy Profile
2. Eurostat – Renewable energy statistics
3. Italian Ministry of Economic Development – National Energy Strategy
4. European Commission – EU Energy Policy