Nuclear energy remains the backbone of France’s electricity supply, providing about 65–70% of the country’s overall electricity production, the highest share in the world.

Over the past five years, France’s reliance on nuclear power has slightly decreased, mainly due to maintenance issues, aging reactors, and government efforts to diversify energy sources with more renewables. Still, nuclear energy remains the backbone of France’s electricity supply, providing about 65–70% of the country’s overall electricity production, the highest share in the world.

France’s nuclear power comes from a fleet of reactors operated by Électricité de France (EDF), with oversight and regulation by the Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire (ASN). Most of the country’s reactors were built between the 1970s and 1990s. Still, modernization programs are ongoing, and the government has recently announced plans for new-generation European Pressurized Reactors (EPRs) to replace and expand capacity.

Building and installing new reactors is a costly and lengthy process. Large reactors such as the EPR can take 10–15 years from planning to operation, and construction costs have risen over time. However, once running, nuclear plants provide relatively low-cost and stable electricity compared to fossil fuels, which is especially important for energy security and climate goals.

France also has strict systems for monitoring nuclear safety. The ASN is responsible for oversight, inspections, and enforcing safety regulations. As for nuclear waste, France follows a well-developed system: short-lived, low- and medium-level waste is stored in dedicated facilities. In contrast, long-lived high-level waste is conditioned and kept in secure interim storage. Plans are underway for a deep geological repository (Cigéo project) to safely manage the most radioactive waste for the very long term.

In short, nuclear power remains the foundation of France’s energy mix. While the share has decreased slightly in recent years, the government plans to extend reactor lifespans and build new ones to ensure that nuclear continues to play a central role in France’s low-carbon future.

This Post was submitted by Climate Scorecard France Country Manager, Camille Huret.