In Nigeria, pursuing developmental objectives to ensure citizens’ well-being poses significant challenges to practical climate mitigation efforts. Several obstacles impede the implementation of policies essential to reaching the Paris Agreement objectives, which involve cutting emissions by 50% by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

One significant challenge arises in energy access and poverty alleviation, particularly in rural communities. Nigeria’s aspiration to uplift these communities often leads to expanding electricity access using traditional sources like diesel generators or extending the grid, relying on fossil fuels. While introducing renewable energy solutions is climate-friendly, barriers such as upfront costs and technological complexities hinder their adoption, especially in economically disadvantaged areas. This creates a conflict between the immediate need for affordable energy access and the long-term benefits of sustainable technologies.

Rapid urbanization in cities like Lagos and Abuja highlights the complexities of balancing urban development with emission reduction efforts. The transportation sector primarily contributes to carbon emissions because it relies on fossil fuel-powered cars. For instance, Lagos, with its traffic congestion and dependence on petrol-powered vehicles, faces severe air pollution and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Shifting towards sustainable transportation options, such as investing in efficient public transit, encounters challenges—affordable transportation conflicts with the costs and infrastructure required for efficient public transit. Inefficient urban planning exacerbates the issue, leading to longer commutes, increased personal vehicle usage, and higher emissions.

Nigeria’s agricultural sector, crucial for food security, faces challenges balancing productivity and environmental sustainability. For example, palm oil production is an essential agricultural activity in Nigeria. The expansion of palm oil plantations often leads to deforestation, especially in the country’s southern regions. Forests are cleared to make way for agricultural land, contributing to increased greenhouse gas emissions by releasing carbon dioxide stored in trees. Traditional farming methods, like slash-and-burn techniques, contribute to emissions due to limited resources and knowledge about sustainable practices. The dilemma arises as Nigeria seeks to enhance agricultural productivity while reducing emissions.

Due to substantial greenhouse gas emissions from energy-intensive processes, Nigeria faces challenges in pursuing economic advancement through infrastructure development and industrial expansion. Implementing cleaner technologies encounters financial constraints, technological barriers, and resistance due to economic interests. To illustrate, consider the construction industry in Nigeria; this sector contributes significantly to emissions through energy-intensive activities like cement production and inefficient building practices. Transitioning to eco-friendly building materials or adopting green construction practices, such as using sustainable materials or improving energy efficiency in buildings, requires substantial investment and technological expertise. However, financial constraints might hinder builders or developers from investing in these sustainable practices. Traditional materials and methods are often more affordable upfront, even if they have higher environmental costs in the long run.

To address these conflicts comprehensively, a four-pronged strategy is proposed. First and foremost, policy integration is crucial. This involves aligning climate considerations with development planning to ensure policies meet developmental needs and contribute to climate goals. For instance, in the energy sector, Nigeria could integrate climate-conscious policies into its national energy plan, promoting a transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.

Secondly, technology transfer and innovation play a pivotal role. Facilitating the transfer of cleaner technologies and promoting innovation can overcome technological barriers and make sustainable solutions more accessible and affordable. A prime example is the agricultural sector, where precision farming technologies can enhance productivity while minimizing environmental impact. Nigeria can balance food security and emission reduction by providing farmers access to cutting-edge, sustainable farming practices.

Capacity building and awareness form the third crucial aspect. Educating stakeholders about the interconnectedness of developmental goals and climate change fosters a collective understanding of the need for balanced policies. In sustainable transportation, training programs can be implemented to build community awareness about the benefits of public transit, encourage behavioral changes, and reduce reliance on individual vehicles. This can be complemented by policies and incentives that promote the adoption of eco-friendly vehicles and clean energy in transportation.

Lastly, inclusive and equitable policies are essential. Policies must address socioeconomic disparities by implementing measures that prioritize the needs of marginalized communities. Infrastructure and industrial growth might involve collaborating with the private sector, NGOs, and international organizations to develop innovative financing models or community-based projects that bring sustainable energy solutions to underserved areas. By integrating these strategies, Nigeria can foster sustainable, equitable, and resilient development while meeting international climate commitments laid out in the Paris Agreement. This approach not only promotes economic growth but also contributes to environmental sustainability in the long run.

This Post was submitted by the Climate Scorecard Nigeria Country Manager Michael Johnson.