The balance between the benefits and limitations of AI depends on clear public policies.
Brazil has made progress in the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI), especially in areas such as agriculture, health, public safety, and, more recently, the environment. Universities such as USP, Unicamp, and UFMG, as well as research centers like CEMADEN and INPE, have been leading projects that use AI for environmental and climate monitoring. In the private sector, startups and large technology companies are investing in AI solutions to optimize processes and analyze large volumes of environmental data.
In the fight against climate change, AI is already a strategic ally. INPE, for example, uses machine learning algorithms to analyze satellite images and detect deforestation and fires in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes in near real-time, improving the DETER system. These systems allow for faster responses from public authorities and increase the efficiency of environmental monitoring. Furthermore, AI is used to predict temperature patterns, identify heat waves, and model future climate scenarios, which is fundamental for planning adaptation policies.
Urban areas, cities like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro already have pilot projects that use AI to monitor air quality and predict pollution peaks, integrating data from sensors, traffic, and climate. This allows for the adoption of preventive measures, such as circulation restrictions or adjustments to public transportation. In the electricity sector, AI contributes to the integration of renewable sources, predicting electricity generation and optimizing the use of hydroelectric reservoirs, which reduces the need to activate polluting thermal power plants.
On the other hand, the growth of AI in Brazil brings energy challenges. Data centers, essential for the operation of large AI models, consume a lot of energy and water. Although the Brazilian electricity matrix is mostly renewable, there is still a dependence on thermal power plants during periods of drought. According to a report by the Brazilian Association of Data Centers (ABDC), the sector is seeking alternatives such as renewable energy purchase agreements and the adoption of more efficient cooling technologies, but accelerated expansion may put pressure on the demand for clean energy.
The balance between the benefits and limitations of AI depends on clear public policies. Brazil has the potential to use AI as a tool to accelerate the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement, especially in monitoring deforestation, the energy transition, and low-carbon agriculture. However, it is essential that the growth of digital infrastructure is accompanied by environmental regulation, incentives for energy efficiency, and transparency regarding resource consumption.
The ultimate impact of AI on Brazil’s ability to meet its climate goals will be positive if there is integration between technology, policy, and sustainability. The country already has successful examples, but needs to advance in digital and climate governance to ensure that AI is, in fact, an ally of the climate.
This post was submitted by Climate Scorecard Brazil Country Manager, Carlos Alexandre de Oliveira.